Jean Gabin (1904–1976) is one of the most renowned stars of French cinema. Throughout May BFI Southbank celebrates a career that spanned over four decades and which featured performances in both silent cinema and the talkies. Beginning with Jean Gabin: Anatomy of a Myth, on Wed 2 May, an introduction from season curator Ginette Vincendeau, Professor in Film Studies at King’s College London, the centrepiece of this season is the nationwide release and extended run of a newly restored classic of ‘poetic realism’ Le Quai des brumes (France 1939) from 4 May.
Between 1930 and 1976, magnetic French star Jean Gabin built an unparalleled screen image that encompassed the tragic working-class hero with a rugged charisma to underworld Godfather figures. He remains one of the great icons of cinema, and this season explores the appeal of his mythical vision of the ‘ordinary’ Frenchman.
Born Jean Alexis Moncorgé in 1904 to a family of performers, Gabin started out as a comic singer at the Moulin Rouge. His performances started getting noticed, and better stage roles came along that led to parts in two silent films in 1928. Two years later, he easily made the transition to the talkies, and soon switched to dramatic parts in cinema. From 1935 to 1939, he was the most popular French matinee idol of the pre-war period and gave performances in an extraordinary run of masterpieces Pépé le Moko (Dir, Julien Duvivier, 1937), La Bête humaine (Dir, Jean Renoir, 1938) and Le Jour se lève (Dir, Marcel Carné, 1939).
It was Renoir’s anti-war masterpiece La Grande Illusion (1937) (on extended run at BFI Southbank throughout April) that cemented Gabin’s international superstar status, and the film received universal critical acclaim. A certified classic of world cinema, the film has recently been re-released to celebrate its 75th anniversary.
Gabin’s fame was reinforced by a series of hits, including Marcel Carné’s marvellously moody crime thriller Le Quai des brumes (1939) playing one of his most memorably iconic roles as an army deserter on the run.
The war propelled Gabin to a brief stint in Hollywood, where he made Moontide (Dir, Archie Mayo, 1942) under contract with Fox. It was a fascinating attempt at ‘Americanising’ his image but Gabin felt uncomfortable speaking English. At Universal, he and Duvivier were reunited for The Impostor (1944). While working for RKO Pictures, Gabin’s difficult personality did serious damage to his Hollywood career. Scheduled to star in an RKO film The Temptress, he demanded Marlene Dietrich to be cast as his co-star (they were ensconced in a torrid, real-life affair throughout the early-to-mid 1940s). The studio refused. Gabin remained stubborn in his demand, yet he was fired and the project was shelved. RKO issued the warning that he would never work in Hollywood again; Gabin shrugged off the threat and proceeded to rejoin the French troops in North Africa.
However by the early 1950s it looked as if Gabin’s era had passed. But then Jacques Becker’s Touchez pas au grisbi (1954) and Renoir’s French Cancan (1955) catapulted him back to the top of the box-office. Suddenly Gabin was again a global star. Over the next twenty years until his death in 1976, Gabin made many more films, most of them very successful, commercially and critically. The season includes his later films such as Maigret tend un piège (Dir, Jean Delannoy, 1958), the first and best of three films in which he tackles Georges Simenon’s illustrious Commissaire Maigret; the nail-biting thriller Melodie en sous-sol (Dir, Henri Verneuil, 1963) co-starring Alain Delon who would always credit Gabin as a great influence; and the most poignant of his later films, Le Chat (Dir, Pierre Granier-Deferre, 1971) with tour-de-force performances by Gabin and the great Simone Signoret as an ageing and feuding husband and wife.
Gabin’s career lasted over 40 years and he became a mythical figure of French cinema. His rugged looks, rough voice and Parisian accent still anchored his characters in the same social milieu, and this is why he kept his popular following. Ultimately Gabin’s charisma endowed the ordinary man with dignity and prestige.